Fueling Curiosity, One Insight at a Time

pgvector provides native support for vector similarity search in PostgreSQL. It supports three types of distance metrics, each useful depending on the use case:
• <=> Cosine distance – Measures the angle between two vectors (ignores magnitude). Great for comparing meaning in text (e.g., NLP). Smaller angle = more similar.
• <#> L2 (Euclidean distance) – Measures the straight-line distance between two vectors. Takes both direction and size into account. Good when actual value differences matter (like in image or audio data).
• <-> Inner product – Measures how much two vectors point in the same direction and how large they are. If vectors are normalized (length = 1), it works like cosine similarity. Great for ranking similarity when vectors are preprocessed.

#pgvector #PostgreSQL #VectorSearch #Embeddings

ClickHouse DB

It is a column-oriented database management system designed for online analytical processing (OLAP). It's optimised for real-time analytics on large volumes of data and is known for being fast, highly scalable, and efficient for read-heavy workloads like metrics, logs, events, and other analytical data.

Key features are -
1. Columnar storage : Stores data by columns instead of rows, enabling efficient compression and faster reads.
2. Works super fast : Designed to process billions of rows per second per server.
3. SQL-compatible.
4. Materialized views : For real-time aggregation and data transformation.
#databases #click_house_db #analytics

Validating date and time field in Rails

validates_timeliness gem helps us to check if a date or time field is valid and meets certain conditions — like being in the past, in the future, or within a specific range. It can do following things.
1. Check if a date is valid (e.g., "2025-02-30" is not a valid date).
2. Make sure a date is before or after a certain time as needed.
3. Restrict a field to only accept dates, times or datetimes.
4. Works well with user input in different formats.
For example :

class Event < ApplicationRecord
  validates_timeliness :start_time, on_or_after: :now, type: :datetime
end

This makes sure start_time is not in the past.

#CU6U0R822 #date_time_validation

friendly_id is a Rails gem that lets you use secure, human-readable slugs instead of record IDs in URLs.
https://github.com/norman/friendly_id
it updates the url
from this :

https://localhost:3000/employer/job_posts/2/job_applications/new

to this:

https://localhost:3000/employer/job_posts/frontend-developer-37b70ea4-761e-4369-832e-f5b373f7f00b/job_applications/new

#CU6U0R822

rails_representation_url in Rails is used to generate a URL for a variant of an Active Storage image, not the original blob. It's especially useful when we want to apply transformations like resizing or converting image formats on-the-fly.

rails_representation_url(
  image.variant(resize_to_limit: [300, 300], saver: { quality: 80 }, format: :webp).processed,
  only_path: true
)

• image.variant(...) creates a variant of the image, resizing it to a maximum of 300x300 pixels, converting it to WebP format, and reducing its quality for optimization.
• .processed ensures the variant is actually processed before generating the URL.
• rails_representation_url(...) then generates the URL for this transformed version.
• only_path: true returns a relative path (instead of a full URL), which is often preferred in views or frontend routing.
This is a great way to deliver performance-optimized images for the UI

#rubyonrails

Rails provides a https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/TokenFor.html#method-i-generate_token_for|generates_token_for method on Active Record models, which can generate unique tokens for records — including support for expiration. This is useful for scenarios like creating unique unsubscribe links in emails. You can later retrieve a record using the generated token with the corresponding https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/TokenFor/RelationMethods.html#method-i-find_by_token_for|find_by_token_for method.

The Rails Authentication generator utilizes this feature in its password reset flow. It uses https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveModel/SecurePassword/ClassMethods.html#method-i-has_secure_password|has_secure_password, which by default enables password reset functionality for the user model. When you call the password_reset_token instance method on a user, it internally uses generates_token_for to generate a unique token. You can then find the user record later using find_by_password_reset_token.

By default, https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveModel/SecurePassword/ClassMethods.html#method-i-has_secure_password|has_secure_password uses the password attribute, but you can customize this by specifying a different attribute via the attribute option. If you want to disable password reset functionality, you can pass reset_token: false to has_secure_password (it is enabled by default). Similarly, you can disable password confirmation validations by passing validations: false (validations are enabled by default).

#rubyonrails #ror #authentication #token #password

In recent versions of Rails, the default host for the test environment has changed from https://www.example.com|www.example.com to https://example.com|example.com. However, Capybara continues to use https://www.example.com|www.example.com in most cases, which can cause URL assertions in ActionMailer tests to fail when relying on the default settings. To resolve this inconsistency, you can explicitly set default_url_options[:host] to https://www.example.com|www.example.com in test.rb.
#RubyOnRails #ROR #ActionMailer #Capybara #TDD

SEO Best Practices:
• Meta titles should be between 50–60 characters long (including spaces).
• Meta descriptions should be between 120–160 characters (including spaces).
• Use a single H1 tag per page, followed by a clear and consistent hierarchy of H2 and H3 tags across all pages.
• All images should have meaningful alt tags for accessibility and SEO.
• Ensure there are no broken links; tools like Screaming Frog can help detect them.
• Include canonical tags to avoid duplicate content issues.
• Add social meta tags (Open Graph, Twitter Cards) for better link previews.
• The site should have a robots.txt file and a sitemap.xml for better crawling and indexing.
#SEOBestPractices #SearchEngineOptimization

In Rails, default_scope is a way to automatically apply a query condition to every query for a model.
When we define a default_scope, it always gets added unless we manually remove it.

Example:

default_scope { order(created_at: :asc) }

This ensures a consistent ordering across the app without needing to manually add .order(created_at: :asc) every time.
It's especially useful when displaying comments, messages, tasks, or anything that should appear in the order they were created.

Caution:
default_scope can sometimes be annoying if we want a different order temporarily.
In that case, we would need to call .unscope(:order) to remove it manually.

#rubyonrails

Instead of manually checking if a key exists in a hash, you can just say:

counts = Hash.new(0)

Now whenever you do:

counts[:apple] += 1

Ruby will assume counts[:apple] starts at 0, so no errors — just clean, readable code.

#ruby