Fueling Curiosity, One Insight at a Time

When working with paginated data in Ruby on Rails, we might encounter situations where we need to paginate an array rather than an Active Record collection. The pagy gem provides an efficient and flexible way to handle pagination, and it includes an extras/array feature specifically for arrays.

Require the Pagy Extras Array:

# config/initializers/pagy.rb

require "pagy/extras/array"

And then use the pagy_array method to paginate your array in the controller

def index
 // some code
 @pagy, @purchase_order_attachments = pagy_array(orders_with_attachments, items: params[:limit] || 10)
end

#rubyonrails #pagination #pagy

In Python, dir() lists the attributes and methods of an object, such as a class or instance.

Example:

class MyClass:
    class_variable = "Class Variable"

    def __init__(self):
        self.instance_variable = "Instance Variable"

    def my_method(self):
        pass

obj = MyClass()
print(dir(obj))

Output:
dir(obj) shows a list of attributes (class_variable, instance_variable) and methods (my_method), along with special methods (e.g., __init__). It helps explore what’s available in an object.

Test SSH connection detailed logs to debug #ssh #CCTJN6PK4

ssh -vT "git@gitlab.com"

This will output detailed logs

Definite Assignment Checks in TypeScript 5

• Before TypeScript 5:

let value: string;
console.log(value); // TS4.x: This was allowed but could lead to runtime undefined

• After TypeScript 5:

let value: string;
console.log(value); // TS5.x: Error - Variable 'value' is used before being assigned

// To fix, either initialize:
let value = "initial";

// Or use definite assignment assertion:
let value!: string;

• The ! is a promise to TypeScript that we'll assign a value before using it
• Use of ! should be avoided as it bypasses TypeScript's safety checks

When working with routes in a Rails application that includes an engine, route references need to be scoped appropriately based on where they are being called:
• Referencing engine routes from outside the engine: Prefix the route with the engine's name. For example, use engine_name.some_route_path (e.g., rapidfire.surveys_path) to access routes within the engine.
• Referencing routes from another engine: Use the other engine's name as a prefix, similar to referencing routes from outside.
This naming ensures the correct routing context and prevents conflicts when multiple engines or the main application define similar paths.

#CU6U0R822 #routes

Form Objects in Rails
Form objects are a pattern that is used to encapsulate logic for managing and validating form data. They act as an intermediary between the view and the model layer, they simplify the handling of complex forms, particularly when working with complex forms that don't map to a single active record model.
Why use form objects?
In typical rails applications, forms are directly tied to active record models. This is ok when the forms are simple, but this can cause problem when complexity increases such as,
when forms interact with multiple models
In these kind of scenarios, we can encapsulate the corresponding logic into a single class which acts like an active record model which is easier to maintain.

Example form object
app/forms/route_request_form.rb

class UserProfileForm
  include ActiveModel::Model

 # Attributes accessible for the form object.
  attr_accessor :user_name, :email, :profile_bio, :profile_age

  validates :user_name, :email, presence: true
  validates :profile_age, numericality: { only_integer: true, greater_than: 0 }

  def save
    return false unless valid?
    
    #a single transaction for multiple operations
    ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
      user = User.create!(name: user_name, email: email)
      user.create_profile!(bio: profile_bio, age: profile_age)
    end

    true # Return true if all operations succeed.
  rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid
    false # Return false if the save process fails.
  end
end

Using it in controller

class UsersController < ApplicationController
  def new
    @form = UserProfileForm.new
  end

  def create
    @form = UserProfileForm.new(user_profile_form_params)

    if @form.save
      redirect_to root_path, notice: "User created successfully!"
    else
      render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity
    end
  end

  private

  def user_profile_form_params
    params.require(:user_profile_form).permit(:user_name, :email, :profile_bio, :profile_age)
  end
end

#ruby_on_rails #form_objects

*
*Convert .pem certificate into .pfx
To convert a .pem certificate to .pfx, follow these steps:
1. Ensure you have OpenSSL installed.
2. Prepare the required files:
◦ .pem certificate file (certificate.pem)
◦ Private key file (privatekey.pem)
◦ (Optional) CA chain file (ca-chain.pem)
3. Run the following command to create the .pfx file:

openssl pkcs12 -export -out certificate.pfx -inkey privatekey.pem -in certificate.pem -certfile ca-chain.pem

4. When prompted, enter a password to secure the .pfx file.
5. Verify the .pfx file using:

openssl pkcs12 -info -in certificate.pfx

This process combines the certificate, private key, and CA chain (if provided) into a .pfx file, which is commonly used for secure applications like Windows servers or browser-based authentication.
#Certificates #SSL&TLS

Convert .pem certificate into .pfx
To convert a .pem certificate to .pfx, ensure you have OpenSSL installed and have your .pem certificate file, private key file, and optionally a CA chain file ready.
Use the command:

Optimizing Validations with Caching

When we have a Member model where each user has a specific number of coins. When performing operations like capturing or deducting coins, we want to validate:

1. The user exists or not.
2. The user has enough coins to complete the operation.
The basic validation will look like this (with dry-validation gem)

class CoinsValidator < Dry::Validation::Contract
  params do
    required(:user).filled(:integer)
    required(:coins).filled(:integer, gt?: 0)
  end

  rule(:user) do
    member = Member.find_by(unique_id: value) // querying database for member details
    key.failure("does not exist") if member.nil?
  end

  rule(:coins, :user) do
    member = Member.find_by(unique_id: values[:user]) // querying database for member details
    if member && member.coins < values[:coins]
      key(:coins).failure("are insufficient")
    end
  end
end

But the problem here is, We query the database twice to fetch the same Member object once in the :user rule and again in the :coins rule. This redundant querying increases database load and slows down validation, especially in high-traffic applications.

To avoid redundant queries, we can cache the Member object using the values hash provided by the dry-validation gem. The values hash allows us to store intermediate results, making them accessible to other validation rules.
The optimized code looks like this:

class CoinsValidator < Dry::Validation::Contract
  params do
    required(:user).filled(:integer)
    required(:coins).filled(:integer, gt?: 0)
  end

  rule(:user) do
    values[:member] = Member.find_by(unique_id: value)  // Caching the member object
    key.failure("does not exist") if values[:member].nil?
  end

  rule(:coins) do
    member = values[:member]  // accessing the cached Member from values[:member] rather than querying the database again.
    if member && member.coins < value
      key.failure("are insufficient")
    end
  end
end

#ruby on rails

Mocking Timers for Controlled Testing

If your code uses setTimeout or setInterval, Jest's timer mocking lets you fast-forward time.
Example: Using jest.useFakeTimers()

jest.useFakeTimers();

test("delayed greeting is sent after 3 seconds", () => {
  const callback = jest.fn();

  setTimeout(() => callback("Hello!"), 3000);
  jest.runAllTimers();

  expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledWith("Hello!");
});

#CCT1JMA0Z # testing #jest